Organisation : Waterford County Museum
Article Title : A Brief History of Mountain Castle
Page Title : 1650 To Today
Page Number : 4
Publication Date : 19 October 2010
Expiry Date : Never Expires
Category : Modeligo
URL : https://www.waterfordmuseum.ie/exhibit/web?task=Display&art_id=325&pagenum=4&lang=en

According to legend, following Phillip's death in the 1640's, ownership of the lands passed into the hands of Phillip's brother Pierce although Phillip's widow and three daughters continued to reside at Sleady Castle. One night, as the story goes, they were dining with some officers of the Clonmel garrison when the place was attacked by raiders. One of the servant girls, who had been courted by the son of the robber chief, assisted in their entry.  The robbers kidnapped the officers, who were later found murdered. Mrs McGrath was accused of assisting the robbers and her estates were confiscated.

Fact or fiction, having actively supported the rebellion, confiscation was inevitable - despite the Civil Survey of 1654 which still shows ownership of 800 acres of Curraghnasleady and Ballykereene in the name of Phillip McGrath of Curragh na Sleady, 'Irish papist deceased'.

Incidentally, one of the new owners was Sir Richard Osbourne of Cappagh, who actually married one of the McGrath daughters, which to some extent retrieved the family fortune.

Following forfeiture, the land previously held by the McGraths was divided between several Lords loyal to the British Crown including Osbourne.  Not surprisingly the demise of the McGrath families also saw the demise of the importance of both Mountain and Sleady Castles.  Sleady Castle fell to ruin by slow degrees and is said to have last been occupied by a schoolmaster in 1765, who taught his pupils in the kitchen and slept in the principal apartment himself. 

A slow decline into ruin also awaited Mountain Castle following the wars of the 1640s.  That Mountain Castle survived the wars more or less intact is clear from the report of the Civil Survey of 1654, which reported that 'there is on the landes of Mountaincastle aforsd a smale Castle which is difinsible'. It is also clear, however, that following the Civil Wars Mountain Castle was once again abandoned to the elements, so much so that Charles Smith was to report in 1746 that all that remained was the stump of the original: 

'in this parish are the remains of some ancient castles belonging to the McGraths.........Mountain Castle, called Fernane, was one of these of which only the stump remains.'

That Mountain Castle should descend from being 'a small castle well dyfinable' in 1654 to 'a stump' in 1746 leads us to conclude that by this time the roof, at least, had collapsed if not the entire of the third floor.

Ownership, meanwhile, of both the castle and the lands upon which it stood had passed from FitzGearld into the hands of another local landlord called Chearnley. Sometime about the middle of the 18th century, Chearnley leased Mountain Castle and 64 acres of land surrounding it to the O'Keeffe family.  What remained of the castle was roofed and converted into what must have been a grandiose farmhouse with two extensions to the original structure forming two new wings. It was to remain in the hands of the O' Keeffe family for the next two hundred years. A letter written by a relative of one of the last of the O'Keeffes to live in Mountain Castle in 1931, gives details of the dining room with its huge walnut beams, the circular nursery and marble fireplaces valued at $5000.  Egan in his guide to county Waterford in 1895 describes Mountain Castle as 'the beautiful residence once occupied by 'John O'Keefe, Ballylemon Lodge.' (13)

The O' Keeffe's, it would seem started out in the beginning or middle of the 18th century as medium-sized tenant farmers at Mountain Castle.  By the middle of the 19th century, it is clear that various branches of the family had accumulated between them a moderate amount of land locally which they either owned and leased or leased themselves from landlords and subsequently sublet to smaller tenants.

Like so many native landlords, however, the O'Keefes were far from benevolent as is apparent from events which occurred in 1838, two years before the beginning of An Ghorta Mór, The Great Famine:

'....... 1838 witnessed the killing of that extremely tough land distributor John O'Keeffe of Mountain Castle. O'Keeffe, a catholic, who had risen 'from a low origin' and was described as 'upwards of 80 years of age', had scant respect for tenants rights. He was not in the habit of giving rent receipts and moreover if a tenant improved the land O'Keeffe simply raised the rent. It appears the decision to evict the Tobins of Lyreattin [ a local townland], who refused to pay an increased rent having improved their holding, together with O'Keeffe's purchase of the lands of Ballykerin [another nearby townland]....................finally provoked the community from which he had sprung too far. Both existing and prospective tenants had enough. Although O'Keeffe survived the assassination attempt on 4th April 1838 when a pistol shot went through his coat, he received a blunderbuss when he rode to Mass at Modeligo on Sunday May 1838 and died from his wounds 10 days later.' (14)

Despite of or in testament to the ruthlessness of the O' Keeffe's as landlords, John O'Keeffe's grandson, also called John and who resided in Ballylemon Lodge near Dungarvan, (15) was elected M.P. for Dungarvan in 1874, dying before the next election of 1880.

The last of the O'Keeffe's to live in Mountain Castle died in the early 1930's. The house was gradually allowed to fall into decay through years of neglect.  It was subsequently owned by a local family, the Walshes, whose descendants are now the proprietors of the Mill House nearby in Millstreet, before being purchased by a James Doocey who later sold the house and land to speculators in the early seventies. It was purchased in 1973 by Joan and Emmet Nugent who went about restoring and repairing as much as possible the damage the house had endured over the years. They opened the house to the public as a guest house for the first time in 1978 under the name of Castle Farm.

(13) Egan, P.M., Guide to Waterford City & County, 1895, lch.649.
(14) Kiely, Maurice B., agus Nolan William, Politics, Land and Rural Conflict, in Waterford History and Society, 1992, lch. 483.
(15) It is an ironic twist of fate that Ballylemon Lodge, built by Sir Richard Osbourne, who as already mentioned inherited much of the McGrath lands following forfeiture, should fall into the hands of the new occupants of Mountain Castle, the O'Keeffes.


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